A relatively new management role, sustainability officers are top executives who determine how a company or organisation can best address environmental sustainability issues. Specifically, they may be responsible for the creation, development and management of sustainability policies and programmes in line with both corporate objectives and environmental regulations.

The decision to integate a sustainability officer into the management structure warrants careful consideration, especially if the company is operating in a regulatory or market environment that demands it. While some large companies already have whole sustainability departments, others have only recently appointed a sustainability officer, and some don't think they need one at all.

Sustainability officers are often plucked from environmental, health and safety (EHS) compliance roles. Sometimes they are engineers from product development, especially where sustainable product innovation defines the company's sustainability strategy. In some cases, they come with communications experience and tackle sustainability from the point of view of managing the brand's reputation.

A recent Harvard Business School study (see sources) documents three stages of sustainability evolution in a company: compliance, efficiency, and innovation, and describes how the sustainability officer's role is different in each stage.